Jews appeared in Rossosz probably at the end of the 18th century[1.1] The community developed slowly. At the end of the 19th century, Jewish entrepreneurs set up a mill and sawmill as well as a factory producing bleaching agents.

After the rebirth of the Polish Republic, Rossosz remained a small settlement, inhabited by about 1.3 thousand. people, 25% of whom were Jews. In 1921, a synagogue was established, and from at least 1928 there was a mikveh and a ritual slaughterhouse [[ref.:| State Archives in Lublin, Lublin Province Office, 1918–1939, Social and Political Section, file no. 793, sheet 4.]]. At that time, there was also a Gemilut Hesed credit union operating in the settlement, as well as Jewish political parties of a Zionist orientation and the orthodox Agudath.

In the 1930s, along with the deepening economic crisis and growing anti-Semitism, a large number of Jews from Rossosz emigrated in search of better living conditions.

When the German troops entered the settlement in November 1939, only about 200 Jews lived there. The fate of this community under German occupation remains unknown. It is assumed that in the summer of 1942 they were deported to the German Nazi extermination camp in Sobibór, although some sources indicate that the Jews of Rossosz (or part of the community) were murdered by the Germans in a forest near Łomazy [1.2].

Bibliography

• Rossosz, [in:] Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities Poland, vol. 7: Lublin, Kielce districts, ed. A. Wein, Jerusalem 1999, p. 547. 
• Rossosz, [in:] The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, eds. S. Spector, G. Wigoder, vol. 2, New York 2001, p. 1093.