Polish orphanages in USSR: it is estimated that among Polish citizens, who were deported during the years 1940-1941 from Eastern Borderlands up USSR territory, 90 000 were children below 16 years old. In summer of 1941 after establishment of diplomatic relations between Moscow and the Polish government-in-exile, Polish orphanages alongside Polish government delegacy started to emerge in different places of exile. In August 1942 there were 65 of them. Polish orphanages assembled orphans and half orphans, children whose parents could not provide for them and children of soldiers.

Alongside the command of Polish Army in USSR, called Anders Army, 3 orphan homes were founded: in Buzułuk (Buzuluk), Guzar and Wrewskoje. In March and August 1942, because of an evacuation of the army to Iran 7 000 orphans from Polish orphanages left USSR. Soviet authorities disbanded Polish delegacies and took over orphanages that had been existing alongside them. It was not until August 1943, that Soviets returned to the idea of separate orphan homes for Polish children, which was an initiative of Union of Polish Patriots (Związek Patriotów Polskich, ZPP).

According to postulates of ZPP, it is necessary to take care of upbringing Polish patriots to work for their socialist homeland. Orphanages were financed by local soviet authorities. Until 1946 more than 90 orphan homes were founded on territories of Russian, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Tajik and Uzbek republics. In these homes were staying children of deportees, mainly of Polish and Jewish nationality. From February to June 1946 repatriation of Polish orphanages was pursued. Transports got to Gostynin and from there they were directed to orphan homes across whole Polish territory. In 1946 6 700 of Polish orphans came back from USSR.