Jews began settling in Wyszków in the second half of the 18th century. In 1781, 97 Jews lived within the Catholic parish in Wyszków. There is a note in a document prepared during a visit to the parish:

“[…] Jews just sit around around the taverns or their rented properties in the town and the nearby villages. There are 97 of them. They have got no prayer houses nor Jewish cemeteries in this parish. However, they cross borders into towns in which they may receive permission from the local authorities for separate districts in which to establish their prayer houses and cemeteries [...]”[1.1].

Jews from Wyszków were part of the Węgrów kehilla until 1795. For a short period, they became part of the Ostrów kehilla in 1795, and then the Nasielsk kehilla (1796–1797). From 1798, it became a part of the Maków kehilla.

In January 1813, a Jewish district was established in Wyszków, which included ul.Poprzeczna in the western part of the town.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Jews specialized in leaseholds and the alcohol trade. In 1818, Szlama Joskowicz, Lewiek Jakubowicz, Dawid Judkowicz, Mosiek Judkowicz, Mosiek Abramowicz, Lejb Ciechanowiecki, and Maur Nayman earned their living in these manners. From 1857 to 1864, Abram Grosman from Ostrów held the monopoly on alcohol production and sale in Wyszków. Lewk Jakubowicz, from Wąsewo near Ostrołęka, was one of the first assistant rabbis in the 19th century. In 1816, he was 45 years old and he was succeeded by Lewek Jakubowicz.

By the 1820's, the Jews of Wyszków had begun to separate themselves from the Maków community. To this end, and without the approval of the authorities, they built their own timber prayer-house (seating 400 people) and established a cemetery, a cheder and a bathhouse. Additionally, they employed an assistant rabbi and subsequently a rabbi. Their efforts were successful. In 1858, an independent Synagogue Supervision Committee was established in Wyszków, which also took in communities from Lubiel, Długosiodło and Przetycz

The local Jews were mostly merchants and craftsmen. In the 19th and 20th centuries, they began to engage with small trade. Prior to the outbreak of the World War I, Jews owned two soda water factories, three ice cream parlors, and the railway carriage production factory. They were involved in processing forest products and established wood tar factories in the Puszcza Biała forest. The establishment of the Warta River Railroad and the Wisła River Railroad caused a crisis in thecrop and wood trade, which previously had utilised the the Bug and Narew Rivers. Many Jewish small traders lost their source of income which, in the 19th century, led already poor members of the community to even greater impoverishment.

In the 19th century, the Hassidim began to play greater role in the community and dominated it in the second half of the 19th century. The tzadik from Radzymin had the largest group of supporters. Rabbis from Wyszków were also inclined towards Hassidism, including Abele, Izrael Bencjon Rosenblum, Menachem Mendele Broslau, Jakow Arie Mogenstern (rabbi since 1904, the grandchild of the rabbi of Kock; he died in 1921). The establishment of Yeshiva “Beyt Yosef” by Abram Cytryn in 1908 was an example of the influences of orthodox society.

In June 1919, anti-Semitic protests took place. During the Bolshevik offensive in 1920, many Jewish leftwing activists supported the Bolsheviks. Chaim Dzbanek and Wongrow led the Revolutionary Committee in Wyszków. The Jews also had a strong presence in the police force created by the communists. When news of Polish soldiers coming to town after they had defeated the Bolsheviks, a group of about 200 Jews fled from Wyszków to Ostrów. Following the occupation of the town, that group was brought back to Wyszków on 24th August 1920. Police and soldiers beat them up in the Senator’s Garden. They were subsequently made to do hard labour on various projects, including the construction of the bridge on the Bug River. Anti-Semitic protests continued to take place during the second half of the 1930's.

In 1921, Kerlistein from Poręba was appointed as the new rabbi. In 1932, he was replaced by Gedaliahu Buchler and, just prior to the War, he in turn was succeeded by Dawid Szlomo Morgenstern, son of the Rabbi of Łomża.

On 26th January 1934, a fire broke out in the synagogue, caused by candles which had been left burning overnight. The ceiling and the roof of the synagogue collapsed. The loss was estimated at 10,000 zlotys[1.2].

After the town was occupies by the Germans on 8th September 1939, the town commandant evicted all the Jews. The elderly Jews were executed. Seventy seven Jews and eight Poles forced into a barn which was then set on fire. Everyone perished. During the first days of the occupation, the Germans burnt down the synagogue and killed approximately 1,000 Jews. Some Jewish residents of Wyszkowa managed to escape. Some reached Polish territory which had been occupied by the USSR after 17th September 1939. Others reached different towns in the General Government like Dobry near Mińsk Mazowiecki and Jadów, -- where “the refugees from Wyszków stayed in 1939, because their town had burned down during military operations. most of them lived in the synagogue. Many of them died from a typhus epidemic”[1.3].

Following World War II, the Jewish community of Wyszków did not revive.